Complex Foot and Ankle Deformity:

Dr. Nicole Cates has done extensive research in foot and ankle surgery to treat complex deformities such as Charcot Neuroarthropathy. Additionally she has studied the effectiveness of the surgical treatment to optimize surgical results, and studied the safety of the complex hardware and equipment used such as External fixation and Taylor spatial frames.

Peripheral Vascular Disease Diagnostic Related Outcomes in Diabetic Charcot Reconstruction

Description: Patients with Charcot neuroarthropathy can have impaired blood flow, and should be assessed by a vascular surgeon and ideally have an angiography performed prior to surgery.

Charcot Reconstruction: Outcomes in Patients With and Without Diabetes

Description: Patients with diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy are more likely to have an ulceration and difficulty with ambulation. Patients with non-diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy are more likely to have bone healing issues.

A Systematic Review of Angular Deformities in Charcot Neuroarthropathy

Description: This study outlines the timeline of the deformity progression and highlights important radiographic measurements that predication ulceration formation.

Complications of Charcot Reconstruction in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

Description: The study highlights the importance of evaluating patient’s blood flow prior to having surgery for Charcot neuroarthropathy.

Lateral Ankle Stabilization in Midfoot Charcot Stabilization to Prevent Progression to Ankle Charcot Neuroarthropathy

Description: This study incorporates sports medicine principles of ankle stability for Charcot neuroarthropathy surgery, to prevent progression of ankle deformity.

Safety of Tibial Half Pins with Circular External Fixation for Foot and Ankle Reconstruction in Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy

Description: This study demonstrates a new technique for improving safety of external fixation. External fixation is commonly used with complex deformity correction.

Comparing Rates of Arthrodesis in Ankle Charcot Between Tibiotalocalaneal arthrodesis, Tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis, and Ankle arthrodesis

Description: Patients with Ankle Charcot neuroarthropathy are at a high risk of amputation. This multi-center study evaluates the optimal surgery for Ankle Charcot for limb preservation.

Radiographic Progression of Foot Deformity in Charcot Neuroarthropathy in Patients With and With Achilles Tendon Lengthenings

Description: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a simple tendon lengthening procedure on slowing the progression of deformity and ulcerations in patients with Charcot Neuroarthropathy.

Foot and Ankle Trauma:

Dr. Nicole Cates has done research on foot and ankle trauma including ankle fractures, and fifth metatarsal fractures.

Screw Length Associated with Fracture Gapping of Fifth Metatarsal Base Fracture via Intramedullary Screw Fixation: A Cadaveric Study and Technique Guide

Description: This study guides surgeons on the best techniques for fifth metatarsal fractures, with an emphasis on ideal screw length for fracture fixation.

Fixation of Posterior Malleolus Fractures: Literature Review and Technical Tips

Description: A review on best techniques for ankle fractures with posterior malleolar fractures. Demonstrating the optimal order of fixation, as well as type of fixation construct.

Foot Pain / Arthritis / Deformities / Sports Medicine:

Dr. Nicole Cates has studied the underlying causes, the best treatment options, and surgical techniques for Bunion deformity, Haglunds deformity, retrocalcaneus exostosis / Heel Pain.

Retrocalcaneal Enthesophyte Resection with Functional Lengthening of the Achilles Tendon and Buried Knot Technique: A Case Series

Description: A technique guide for surgical correction of enlarged bony growth on the back of the heel. Retrocalcaneal Enthesiophyte causes pain from rubbing in shoegear, this simple surgical approach can eliminate the source of the pain.

A Systematic Review of Rates of Fusion in Double versus Triple Arthrodesis

Description: This study evaluates the literature to determine the best treatment for painful arthritis and painful flatfoot deformity.

Radiographic Evaluation of Medial Cortical Lines to Determine Osseous and Soft Tissue Contribution in a Hallux Abductovalgus Deformity

Description: This study evaluates the cause of bunions and guides surgeons on surgical techniques for best outcomes.

Peroneal Stabilization via Tightening of the Peroneal Tendon Sheath

Description: This study demonstrates a new technique for painful peroneal tendon subluxation, a common sports injury.

Diabetic Wounds:

Dr. Nicole Cates has done extensive research on diabetic limb salvage, diabetic foot ulcerations, heel ulcerations, peripheral vascular disease, and surgical treatments of ulcerations to treat the underlying cause to help with faster healing.

The Vertical Contour Calcanectomy, an Alternative Approach to Surgical Heel Ulcers: A Case Series

Description: This study introduces new treatment for heel ulcerations, in order to reduce the high risk for amputation and allow patients to have better functional outcomes.

Evaluation of Peripheral Perfusion in the Presence of Plantar Heel Ulcerations Status After Transmetatarsal Amputation With Achilles Tendon Lengthening

Description: This study looks at the contribution of impaired blood supply in the development of heel ulcerations, and how to prevent patients from amputation.

Risks Factors Associated with Major Lower Extremity Amputation after Vertical Contour Calcanectomy

Description: This study alerts physicians to the risk factors for amputation, and how to prevent them in patients with heel ulcerations.

Comparing Outcomes in Patients with Heel Ulcers who Underwent Vertical Contour Calcanectomy versus Below the Knee Amputation

Description: This study evaluates blood supply to the heel to help prevent amputation. Also, it evaluates which surgery for heel ulcerations leads to the best functional outcomes for patients.

Surgical Management of Common Diabetic Foot Ulcerations: A Simplified Approach

Description: This study describes a new simple techniques to treat the root cause of foot ulcerations to help heal the wounds and prevent them from coming back.

Split Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer to Dorsal Lateral Foot for Cavovarus Deformities: A Case Series

Description: This study describes a new technique for a specific wounds, “plantar styloid process” that leads to early healing and prevents recurrence of the wound.

Surgical Treatment of Plantar First Metatarsal Ulcerations in High Risk Patients: A Case Series

Description: This study introduces a set of techniques to address the root cause of foot wounds, under the big toe, that lead to earlier wound healing and prevent them from coming back.

Evaluating Peripheral Arterial Disease in Diabetic Charcot Neuroarthropathy Patients

Description: This study demonstrates that patients with Charcot neuroarthropathy can have impaired blood flow, and that is of great importances that it is addressed prior to surgery.

International Meeting Oral Presentations & Invited Lectures

  • Cates NK, Pandya M, Salerno ND, Akbari CM, Zarick CS, Raspovic KM, Evans KE, Kim PJ, Steinberg JS, Attinger CE “Evaluation of Peripheral Perfusion in the Presence of Plantar Heel Ulcerations Status-Post Transmetatarsal Amputation with Achilles Tendon Lengthening” 78th Annual Conference for American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons February 2020, San Antonio TX.
  • Charcot Reconstruction and the Principles of External Fixation Western University of Health Science School of Podiatric Medical Invited Lecture
  •  Advances in Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Case Conference Presentation, May 2019, Baltimore, MD
  • Cates NK, Wagler EC, Bunka TJ, Elmarsafi T, Tefera E, Kim PJ, Liu GT, Evans KE, Steinberg JS, Attinger CE “Outcomes of Surgically Managed Charcot Neuroarthropathy Between Patients With and Without Diabetes” 78th Annual Conference for American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Feb 2020, San Antonio TX. Award: Honorable Mention
  • Essentials of Charcot Reconstruction Rochester Regional Health Podiatric Medical School Invited Lecture
  • Maryland Podiatric Medical Association 2020 Annual Scientific Meeting, Reconstructive Options in Management of Diabetic Foot & Ankle Ulcerations, March 2020, Columbia MD.
  • Cates NK, Elmarsafi TX, Akbari CM, Zarick CS, Evans KK, Steinberg JS, Attinger, CE, Kim, PJ “Complications of Charcot Reconstruction in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease” 77th Annual Conference for American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons February 2019, New Orleans, LA
  • Cates NK, Elmarsafi TX, Bunka TJ, Walters ET, Akbari CM, Zarick CS, Evans KK, Steinberg JS, Attinger CE, Kim, PJ “Peripheral Vascular Disease Diagnostic Related Outcomes in Diabetic Charcot Reconstruction” 8th Annual International Symposium on the Diabetic Foot, May 2019, The Hague, Netherlands

Committee Appointments and Scholarly Society Memberships

  • Member, American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (ACFAS)
  • Member, American Podiatric Medical Association (APMA)
  • Member, California Podiatric Medical Association (CPMA)

Continually researching new methods and advancements in the field of foot and ankle surgery, Dr. Cates’ contributions in areas like diabetic reconstructive surgery and diagnostic methods for common deformities, have earned her a reputation for excellence and results. Find the relief you’ve been seeking in the reassuring hands of an expert.